In recent years, as a result of positive developments in the medical field, there has been a significant increase in the survival and life-sustaining rates of premature (preterm) and low birth weight babies. Premature births are common enough to cover 10-15% of all births. Despite positive advances in the medical field, the frequency of premature and low birth weight baby births cannot be reduced.

Health problems that our children may experience during and after birth are seen more frequently in babies born prematurely. Respiratory system diseases, vision problems, brain hemorrhages, seizures and disability development are much more common than in babies born on time. Some premature and low birth weight babies are lost during birth, and some after birth due to various health problems.
Surviving premature babies are an important risk group for neurodevelopmental diseases such as cerebral palsy and mental retardation. In childhood, problems in language, attention and behavioral areas affecting school success and epilepsy are frequently seen. As the level of prematurity increases, that is, as the week of birth decreases, the incidence of these problems also increases. With early detection of such diseases and referral to necessary special education at an early stage, quite encouraging results can be obtained.

In babies born prematurely, in addition to healthy child follow-up, close child neurology follow-up allows early diagnosis and treatment of diseases that may develop. Not only keeping premature children alive, but also keeping them alive in a quality and qualified manner should be taken as a basis in their follow-ups. The follow-up of these children, who are at high risk in terms of developmental problems, should be continued until adolescence.